Tuesday, February 11, 2014

Times Front-Pages Puerto Rico: More Doom and Gloom

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[Yesterday, I called for the mainstream media, and/or the news section of the New York Times, to make amends for its Deal Book section's inhumane assessment of the island's economic problems. Deal Book's take was that Puerto Rico's collapsing fortunes was "of outsize importance to the rest of the United States because its debt is widely held by individual investors through mutual funds." 
Well today, on its edgy left column, characterized by urgent italic headlines, the Times features Lisette Álvarez's take on the story, which I guess I have to admit is somewhat more humane. But, with all due respect to Álvarez--who has done some decent reporting over the years--this piece continues to reinforce several neoliberal talking points, such as, Puerto Rico is poor, Puerto Rico is irresponsible with money, Puerto Rico is a hot and bothered beach and salsa place whose time is running out, and the US really doesn't have much to do with Puerto Rico's current predicament. Below, in the tradition of my exegesis of a Times red-baiting piece on Bill de Blasio last fall, is my critical analysis of the story (my comments in bold):]

SAN JUAN, P.R. — Alexis Sotomayor has many reasons to stay in Puerto Rico: his two children; his mother and their gossip sessions over plates of fried rice; (Fried, with no beans?) and the balm of salt and sun that leavens his life on the island.

But the artisanal soap business (Would this be any more successful in many parts of the US?) that Mr. Sotomayor built is barely hanging on amid rising costs and taxes, and sales that have sunk by 40 percent in five years. Crime is rampant; his girlfriend was nearly carjacked at gunpoint recently. So last month he boarded a flight to Orlando, Fla., to interview for a job at a rum distillery in the hope of joining the ever-growing Puerto Rican diaspora.

“I don’t see it improving,” said Mr. Sotomayor, a 47-year-old chemical engineer. “I see it getting worse. It’s the uncertainty. What am I going to do — wait until it gets worse?”

Puerto Rico’s slow-motion economic crisis skidded to a new low last week when both Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s downgraded its debt to junk status, brushing aside a series of austerity measures taken by the new governor, including increasing taxes and rebalancing pensions. But that is only the latest in a sharp decline leading to widespread fears about Puerto Rico’s future. In the past eight years, Puerto Rico’s ticker tape of woes has stretched unabated: $70 billion in debt, a 15.4 percent unemployment rate, a soaring cost of living, pervasive crime, crumbling schools and a worrisome exodus of professionals and middle-class Puerto Ricans who have moved to places like Florida and Texas. (A recent study argued that the majority of the exodus are not professionals. Would that make it any less worrisome?
The situation has grown so dire that this tropical island, known for its breathtaking beaches, salsero vibe and tax breaks, is now mentioned in the same breath as Detroit, with one significant difference. Puerto Rico, a United States territory of 3.6 million people that is treated in large part like a state, cannot declare bankruptcy.

From bottom to top, Puerto Ricans are watching it unfold with a mixture of disbelief and stoicism.
Alejandro García Padilla, who was elected Puerto Rico’s governor by a sliver of a margin in 2012, said that after he began to wade deeply into the island’s economic and social quagmire, his fight-or-flight instincts kicked into high gear.

“I thought about asking for a recount,” Mr. García Padilla, 42, said with a grin during a recent interview in La Fortaleza, the 500-year-old government residence, recalling, among other things, the $2.2 billion deficit. “But now it’s too late.”

A sense of pessimism pervades on the island. Streets are lined with empty storefronts in San Juan and in smaller cities like Mayagüez; small businesses, hit hard by high electricity, water and tax bills and hurt by drops in sales, have closed and stayed closed.

Schools sit shuttered either because of disrepair or because of a dwindling number of students. In this typically convivial capital, communities have erected gates and bars to help thwart carjackers and home invaders. Illegal drugs, including high-level narcotrafficking, are one of the few growth industries. (No mention of how the US drug war has shifted shipping routes from Mexico and Colombia to the Caribbean, see pp. 15-16 of linked PDF)

Puerto Rico, about 1,000 miles from Miami, has long been poor. (Lack of context here–it is poor only in comparison to the US–because of US propping up economy, it is better off than its Caribbean neighbors and much of Latin America) Its per capita income is around $15,200, half that of Mississippi, the poorest state. Thirty-seven percent of all households receive food stamps; in Mississippi, the total is 22 percent.

But the extended recession has hit the middle-class hardest of all, economists said. Jobs are still scarce, pension benefits for some are shrinking and budgets continue to tighten. Even many people with paychecks have chosen simply to parlay their United States citizenship into a new life on the mainland.

Puerto Rico’s drop in population has far outpaced that of American states. In 2011 and 2012, the population fell by nearly 1 percent, according to census figures. From July 2012 to July 2013, it declined again by 1 percent, or about 36,000 people. That is more than seven times the drop in West Virginia, the state with the steepest population losses.

A Lack of Hope

Coupled with a falling birthrate, (we’ve seen this movie before) the decline is raising worries about how Puerto Rico will thrive with a rapidly aging population and such a large share of jobless residents. (The share of aging population is not far off from Florida’s; the large amount of jobless residents are presumably willing to work if opportunities are created.) Of the island’s 3.67 million people, only one million work in the formal economy. The island has one of the lowest labor participation rates in the world, with only 41.3 percent of working-age Puerto Ricans in jobs; one in four works for the government. (Is the low participation rate voluntary? Or the result of a totally stagnant economy?)

“Today, Puerto Ricans with jobs are moving to the U.S.,” said Orlando Sotomayor, an economist at the University of Puerto Rico and the brother of Alexis. “Even people in their 40s and 50s, college professors with complete job security, are doing so. Some are starting all over. The phenomenon is highly uncommon and underscores the lack of hope that the ship can or will be righted.”

The current exodus rivals the one in the 1950s, when job shortages on the island forced farmers and rural residents to find factory work in cities like New York and Boston. Today, it is doctors, teachers, engineers, nurses, professors who are leaving Puerto Rico behind. (Again, see study that shows the exodus is mostly working-class)

Just about everyone in Puerto Rico has a relative who left recently for Florida, New York, Texas or Virginia, among others. But the decision is never easy. Fathers leave behind children. Houses must be rented or sold at a loss in a glutted market. Businesses must be shut. And English must be polished, or in some cases learned, in a hurry.

Alexis Sotomayor said that on his January flight to Orlando, two acquaintances sitting nearby were also headed there hoping to find work. “Going out there in the morning and returning in the evening, after an interview,” he said.

After Coca-Cola laid him off in 2001, Mr. Sotomayor started experimenting with distilling plant extracts. He found he could make natural soaps and decided to go into business for himself, a move that would allow him more time to spend with his children.

Business boomed for years. So much so that he moved his homespun facility out of his house in 2005 and into a small building he bought in San Juan. He found that he was earning more money making soap than working as a chemical engineer.

Then in 2008, the recession pounded at his door. (This is a missed opportunity to show how the island economy is directly tied to the US’s, and how it’s not a dependence on food stamps or a low-participation rate by workers that’s causing problems) For five years, he has tried to lift his business; he went to fairs around the island, set up booths in shopping malls, promoted his flower-infused soaps, candles and lotions on television. He divvied up his store last year and decided to rent out half the building. He let go two of his four employees.

But his expenses mounted, including $600 a month in power bills, more than double what consumers pay on the mainland. The sky-high cost is a consequence of Puerto Rico’s inefficient government-run monopoly on electricity and its 67 percent dependency on petroleum for electric power. (This is pretty much a neoconservative talking point emerging from the previous extremist pro-statehood administration. One of that group’s founding fathers, Carlos Romero Barceló, has this take on the reasons for the high cost of electricity on the island. This is an alternative idea for generating electricity through green technology.) Other utilities are exorbitant, too. Last year, water rates rose 60 percent in a bid to help cut the state-run water company’s debt.

The cost of private tuition for his children, a total of $2,000 a month, is one nonnegotiable expense for him. Like most middle- and upper-class Puerto Ricans, he long ago lost faith in the island’s troubled public schools. Public school enrollment has plummeted in recent years, in part because of declining birthrates but also because of the schools’ poor quality. (The reason for this is traceable not only to PR’s flagging economy as a result of being tied to the US but the disinvestment in public education that the US is such an invaluable leader of. Why encourage more spiraling pension demands?)

“Many parents, even lower-middle-class parents, put all their money into their children’s private school, even if sometimes they have to live in rented houses,” said Nilsa Velazquez, an economics professor at the University of Puerto Rico who plans to move to Virginia with her family this summer.

For many, the high rate of violent crime has been the capper. There were 1,136 murders in 2011, a record and far higher than the mainland’s rate. It fell to 883 homicides last year, a point of pride for the governor.
But the damage had been done. Life here has always been full of trade-offs, including a high cost of living. Now, though, there is little left to trade.

‘Live Here Just to Survive?

“Between making less money and not knowing when someone will jump you, that pushed the quality of life very low,” Alexis Sotomayor said. “To live here just to survive? No, thanks.” (A missed opportunity to talk about those who stay on the island not just to survive, but to engage in their culture, live in close-knit families, and experience a solidarity with those for whom it is important to be Puerto Rican in Puerto Rico. There are many professionals who are sacrificing for that and are not mentioned here.)

For Ms. Velazquez, the tenured professor who lives in Mayagüez, and her husband, who works for the Air Force Reserve, the mental calculations were similar. She is 50, she said. The last thing she wanted to do was give up her job as an economics professor, move her two teenage children and uproot her 76-year-old mother, who speaks no English and has never left the island.

But she has grown so disillusioned with the University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez — one of the crown jewels of the island’s higher-education system, where she has worked for nearly three decades — that she no longer views it as a viable option for her children. In the face of continuing economic stress, the University of Puerto Rico has suffered the loss of a steady stream of valued professors and funding for important research projects. Even tenured professors have left, Ms. Velazquez said.

“The most important thing for me is my children’s education, and the second is my quality of life,” she said. “You see all of these fees and taxes going up, but the streets are terrible.”

This summer she will try to rent out her house rather than selling it and take a loss, and will move to Fairfax County, Va., where her husband will work for the federal government and her children will attend a top public high school. As an economist with a law degree, she is hoping to find some kind of job.

“I thought I could do anything in Puerto Rico,” she said. “Now that is gone.”

The frustrations of Mr. Sotomayor and Ms. Velazquez speak to the depth of the island’s economic problems.
The origins of the crisis, though, stretch back more than a decade. Tax incentives have long been a draw for corporations seeking to do business in Puerto Rico, and the island in turn has benefited from its ability to offer such breaks, in large part structuring its economy around them.

Tax laws were once abundantly generous, which fueled the spread of factories that made textiles and pharmaceuticals, among other things. That came to a crash in 2006, after the 10-year phaseout of a subsidy that provided American firms operating in Puerto Rico with tax-free income. Changes to the global economy and the worldwide recession exacerbated the situation. Since 1996, factory jobs on the island spiraled from 160,000 to 75,000. (What were these ‘changes to the global economy’? could they have something to do with the rapid spread of free trade agreements in Puerto Rico’s backyard that made Puerto Rico’s wage scale too high for multinationals?) 

Little was done to try to revamp the island’s economic framework. (What was this “economic framework”? A model of external investment and tax breaks that sucked most of the capital out of the island while paying less-than-mainland wages to island workers, something that worked since from the beginnings of Operation Bootstrap [something not mentioned here] in the early 1950s, but collapsed after the ‘changes to the global economy’? Did Bill Clinton and/or Larry Summers have anything to do with this? Of course not, Puerto Rico’s economic problems are self-contained and largely out of the context of the US, or its imposition of free-trade pacts.) Instead, deficits climbed and pensions spun out of control. (So then, government workers, who made far less than their counterparts in the US, went on a binge, encouraged by the powerful unions that support them, extorting spiraling pensions from the island’s bloated government bureaucracy? A likely story.) In 2006, the government shut down for two weeks because it lacked the cash to meet expenses. The governor moved to raise taxes. In 2010, the next governor reduced taxes and laid off 33,000 government workers. But Puerto Rico’s governors began borrowing even more heavily to get out of the economic logjam. (There’s no mention here that because of Puerto Rico’s wholly dependent economy, which was destroyed by the end of tax breaks to US corporations, the governors had no choice but to continue borrowing, and in fact were sucked in by vampiric banskter casino operators to go into debt so it could be speculated on in the open market. Why is it that no one remembers how the Great Recession was essentially caused by out of control speculation on bad debt and not “out of control pensions”?)

“It was cheap and easy to borrow,” said Mike Soto, the president of the Puerto Rican Center for a New Economy. “It got to the point where we tapped out what we can borrow.” (Doesn’t this sound like the voice of about 90% of Americans? Why is Puerto Rico being singled out as an island that can’t control its finances?)

Painful Corrections

Last year, Mr. García Padilla, the first governor from the countryside, (Who is known to wear a jíbaro pava, apparently.) took over. With the island’s economy a shambles, and credit agencies threatening a downgrade to junk status, he had no choice but to take swift action.

Economists have given him credit for acting to remedy problems that have festered for decades. (It kind of speaks volumes that none of these economists are mentioned by name, or whether they are from Puerto Rico or the mainland.) In one year, he moved to overhaul three major pensions, including for teachers, that were on a pace to run out of money soon. Two of them are still pending final court approval. He reduced the deficit by 70 percent. And he is holding the four main debt-laden government-run companies more accountable and insisting on more transparency.

Vowing not to lay off any more workers, he raised taxes sharply to provide much-needed revenue and then got the legislature to approve incentives to entice wealthy investors, like the hedge fund billionaire John Paulson, who has invested in an exclusive beach resort and condo complex. (Would these incentives actually increase the tax base significantly? Isn’t this the same model that ran Puerto Rico into the ground in the first place?) A number of businesses have left the island, scared away by the groaning economy and the high cost of electricity. But others have arrived or expanded, like Eli Lilly, Seaborne Airlines and Cooper Vision.

Four days before the junk status decision, Mr. García Padilla announced that he would present a balanced budget for next year, one year ahead of his own schedule. But his job just got harder. Analysts said the credit downgrades would make it harder to improve the economy. The governor ordered agencies to cut budgets by 2 percent.

“I’ve done everything I can to avoid a downgrade,” Mr. García Padilla said in an interview, calling the move “unjust.” “Maybe I can’t detain the winds right now, but I can build the windmills. I am an incurable optimist.” (The Quixote reference again shifts the blame from US colonialism to quirky countryside governors with no options or rational ideas.)

But not everyone is applauding. His tax increases have hit some businesses hard, which could pose a further drag on the economy. Among the many taxes he initiated, the governor raised the corporate tax rate to a maximum of 39 percent. Last year, the economy continued on a slide. “The new administration has a bookkeeping mentality as opposed to an economic development mentality,” said Pedro Pierluisi, Puerto Rico’s nonvoting representative in Congress and a political opponent of the governor. “Here you find Puerto Rico with an underlying economic problem charging its corporations — its job creators — 39 percent. Hello!” (Pierluisi has been supporting a Quixotic adventure to make Puerto Rico a state, a great money-laundering operation for campaign contributors but making absolutely no contribution to solving the island’s economic problems. Cost-cutting conscious Congress will never approve statehood because it necessarily means increasing entitlement payments to Puerto Rico’s growing poverty-level population. Hello!)

Perhaps the most maligned is the new lucrative gross receipts tax, which some owners of small- and medium-size businesses say threatens to put them out of business. Because of the way the tax is structured, it affects companies with less than a 5 percent net profit margin. This means that many food-related companies, like supermarkets, and new businesses, are hit hardest. The smaller the margin, the higher the tax.
Some stores are paying an effective tax rate of 130 percent, said Manuel Reyes Alfonso, the vice president of a trade association that represents the food industry. If the tax is not revised, some will be forced to shut down and others will have to raise prices, he said.

“It is absurd,” said Mr. Reyes Alfonso. “It’s like selling the car to buy gas.”

In response, the governor is forming a committee to take a second look at the new taxes and the island’s complicated tax code. Waivers to the tax are available, but Mr. Reyes Alfonso said they were difficult to obtain. (At this point this piece is blaming Puerto Rico’s government for having borrowed too much, and then when it tries to balance the budget by taxing private industry, it’s a ludicrous move. Seems like the only answer is to ask government workers to work for free until the banksters decide it’s okay for people to work for pay again.)

As he sipped coffee in the bakery section of one of his stores, José Revuelta, the president of SuperMax grocery stores in Puerto Rico, said he managed to expand during the recession. But now, with the gross receipts and corporate tax cutting into his business, he is holding back on capital investments, raises and bonuses. He said he wanted reassurance that the tax hikes would be temporary.

“I can understand doing this on a short-term basis,” he said. “But there needs to be a plan.”
Not many are confident that a long-term plan exists to lift the island from such a sustained crash. But it cannot get much worse, they say. (Of course, we have a plan in the US, and it’s working, right?)
“Sometimes you have to hit rock bottom to restore yourself,” said Mr. Soto, of the Center for a New Economy. “I’m hoping that’s what’s happening.” (Well, if Puerto Rico hits bottom, it probably won’t be a threat to Mr. Soto, who will most likely hold onto his job so he can make more pronouncements like these. Never underestimate the value of an Ivy League education, I always say. But what about the people, the ones who are not making artisanal soap, say? Where are their voices?)

Tuesday, February 4, 2014

Cuban Art Space in NYC!



Visit the Official CAS website::
http://www.cubanartspace.net/about_us/index.php
About Us:
Cuban art is still very little known in the United States, especially that made by artists still living and working in Cuba. Our mission is to educate the U.S. public about Cuban art and culture, promote the work of Cuban artists and work toward the resumption of full educational and cultural exchanges between our two countries. Given the decades-long break in relations between Cuba and the United States, these are not easy tasks.

But we start with a distinct advantage: the Center for Cuban Studies has been sponsoring cultural exchange programs for many years and in those years has accumulated a collection of several thousand art works – paintings, drawings, sculpture, posters and prints, photographs, handmade books, and crafts. In 1991 the Center spearheaded a successful lawsuit against the U.S. Treasury Department. This made the importation and sale of original art from Cuba legal, and in 1999 the Center opened its own gallery, the Cuban Art Space.

In the pages of this web site, you’ll be able to see for yourselves the reason we love Cuban art, from self-taught and “outsider” art to trained and sophisticated art. The Cubans do it all, and many of the best artists work in several mediums.

You can look through our web site to learn about the artists, look at our past exhibits of art or posters or photography, check out our traveling exhibits for rent so that you can bring Cuban art to your own community, and find art for sale.

Happy traveling!


Julia de Burgos Centennial Celebration!

The Association for Puerto Rican-Hispanic Culture Inc. & The Bronx Library center invite the community to the 2014 Julia de Burgos Centenial Celebration!

Julia de Burgos Centennial Celebration

Tuesday, January 28, 2014

Latin America's leaders: Who's who


By Nick Miroff
Washington Post (January 26, 2013)



Here, ahead of a regional summit in Havana this week, are some of the region's most influential leaders on both the left and right ends of the political spectrum.

Cuba: Raúl Castro
Born: June 3, 1931
Took office: Feb. 24, 2008
Since taking over from his brother Fidel in 2006, Raúl, 82, has instituted a series of market-driven changes, allowing Cubans to start small businesses, buy and sell their homes and own cars without special permission.

Venezuela: Nicolás Maduro
Born: Nov. 23, 1962
Took office: April 19, 2013
The handpicked successor of Hugo Chávez, who died last March. Chávez pushed through radical economic and political changes during his 14-year rule, and Maduro is now struggling to carry forward his socialist vision.

Uruguay: José "Pepe" Mujica
Born: May 20, 1935
Took office: March 1, 2010
A former Tupamaro guerrilla who spent 14 years in a military prison during the 1970s and '80s, Mujica has become the Pope Francis of Latin American presidents. His candor and conspicuously spartan lifestyle have made him a widely popular figure in the region. His government legalized marijuana last year.

Ecuador: Rafael Correa
Born: April 6, 1963
Took office: Jan. 15, 2007
Correa is among the leftist Latin American populists who have steered their countries away from U.S. influence and plowed his nation's resource wealth into social programs. His approval ratings are among the highest in the region.

Argentina: Cristina Fernández de Kirchner
Born: Feb. 19, 1953
Took office: Dec. 10, 2007
Fernández won reelection by a huge margin in 2011, but her popularity has slumped along with Argentina's sputtering economy.

Brazil: Dilma Rousseff
Born: Dec. 14, 1947
Take office: Jan. 1, 2011
A former Marxist guerrilla jailed by the military dictatorship in the 1970s, Rousseff was handpicked by her predecessor, Brazil's charismatic president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. Her popularity has recovered since the huge protests her government faced last year.

Chile: Michelle Bachelet (incoming)
Born: Sept. 29, 1951
Scheduled to take office: March 11, 2014
Bachelet, whose father was murdered by former dictator Gen. Augusto Pinochet and who was tortured herself as a young activist, returns to the presidency after a landslide victory in November. A moderate, she's under pressure to push Latin America's top economy further left.

Colombia: Juan Manuel Santos
Born: Aug. 10, 1951
Took office: Aug. 7, 2010
Santos was Colombia's defense chief under his conservative predecessor Álvaro Uribe, and remains a key U.S. ally in Latin America. He's moved toward the center during his tenure in office, engaging in peace talks with FARC guerrillas. He's running for re-election in May.

Mexico: Enrique Peña Nieto
Born: July 20, 1966
Took office: Dec. 1, 2012
Peña Nieto has returned the long-ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) to Mexico's presidency after a 12-year absence, and during his first year he's implemented many pro-business policies that were once associated with the right.

Peru : Ollanta Humala
Born: June 27, 1962
Took office: July 28, 2011
A former army officer, Humala has assuaged worries that he'd take Peru on a radical turn to the left. The economy has sizzled during his presidency thanks to a mining boom, and he's backing the United States' push for a Pacific Rim free trade agreement.